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National Socialism, Fascism as well as the Second World War are central themes in public debates and historiographies of many European countries. However, not only the events itself, but also their remembrance and the politics of history have been closely researched in the past twenty years. The article examines the main trends of the history of memory and asks about the relationship between national histories and European perspectives. Secondly, it tries to explain why specifically the memory of the Holocaust remains such a prominent issue. Focusing in particular on memorial days, the essay sheds light on the dilemma of the “Europeanization of memory”, which nowadays emerges from the artificial construction of a common memory, on the one hand, and the negative fixation on the holocaust on the other hand.
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